Phylogeny, systematics and evolution of calling songs of the Lebinthini crickets (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Eneopterinae), with description of two new genera

The Lebinthini crickets are distributed in Southeast Asia, Western Pacific and tropical South America. They represent more than half of the described species subfamily Eneopterinae. These morphologically behaviorally diverse, varying body size, wing morphology (ranging from brachypterous to fully winged) acoustic signals. also have a distinctive communication system: high-frequency calling, vibratory signalling, duetting, lack phonotaxis females. To investigate how these traits evolved diversified, clear phylogenetic context is needed with taxonomic biological data for as many possible. Since 2010, numbers known genera tribe grown considerably, but type genus Lebinthus classification lacked general revision based on inferences. In this paper, we study systematics present new results confirming monophyly relationships established by previous studies. phylogeny allows us define three monophyletic subtribes within morphological features distribution areas: Cardiodactylina subtribe n., Lebinthina Ligypterina n. We redefine two related Lebinthus, Falcerminthus gen.nov., Fadinthus each characterized clear-cut morphological, anatomical, features. Using ancestral state reconstructions, evolution diverse calling songs Lebinthini. demonstrate that both trills monosyllabic calls were acquired multiple times instead evolving simple complex temporal patterns suggested find dominant frequency evolve very dynamic way, harmonic call, i.e., frequency, seems undergo diversification Lebinthina.